如何简单区分宾语从句和定语从句?

如何简单区分宾语从句和定语从句?

区别一:紧跟的成份 定语从句要修饰名词,所以前面一定有个先行词,且为名词。 宾语从句作宾语,所以前面一定是个动词,且为及物动词 。

区别二:在从句的成份

定语从句的that/which引导的从句修饰前面的先行词,that/which又充当后面从句的主语或宾语的成份。that、which在非特殊情况下有互换的可能。

而宾语从句中的that和which不能互换,that引导的陈述句作宾语,且that在宾语从句中不作任何成份,which的话引导的则是特殊疑问句作宾语(当然语序要调整为陈述句),由于其引导特殊疑问句,所以它在宾语从句是也是作主语或宾语,但其意思是固定为“哪一个”。 I don't know the story that/which he just told you. 定语从句 如:I don't know which one I should believe. 宾语从句 I don't know that he has failed in the exam. 宾语从句

区别三:what, whether (or not), if 可以引导宾语从句,但不可以引导定语从句。

如果想详细刨根问到底,咱就要知道定语从句和宾语从句的详细知识点。基本掌握扎实了很轻松去区别了。从句包括定语从句、名词性从句(可分主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句)、状语从句(时间状语从句、条件状语从句、原因状语从句、让步状语从句、地点状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、方式状语从句、比较状语从句)

1、定语从句,顾名思义,定语从句在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词.引导定语从句的关联词包括关系代词和关系副词。

关系代词有that, which, whose, who, whom, as;

关系副词有when,where,why。

关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中都充当一定的语法成分。关系代词在从句中充当动词的宾语时一般可以省略。

2、关系代词

(1)关系代词的选用比较复杂,受下列条件的制约:

① 要看先行词是指人还是指物;

② 要看关系代词在从句中语法功能;

③ 要看定语从句是限定性的还是非限定性的。

(2)关系代词在定语从句中充当的成分

指人 指物 指人或指物

主语who which that

宾语whom which that

定语whose of which

that只能用在限定性定语从句中,而who, whom, which既可用于限定性定语从句中,也可用于非限定性定语从句。例如:

I know that he is a man who means what he says.

I know that he is a man that means what he says.我知道他是一个守信用的人。

The gentleman whom she met addressed her with courtesy.

The gentleman that she met addressed her with courtesy.她遇到的那位先生很有礼貌地向她打了招呼。

The gentleman she met addressed her with courtesy.(在从句中充当动词宾语的关系代词,可以省略。)

The watch which was lost has been found.

The watch that was lost has been found.丢了的表找到了。

Here is the material which you need.(注:现代美语中不允许这样用)

Here is the material that you need.

Here is the material you need.你要的材料在这儿了。

You are the only one whose advice he might listen to.他也就是听你的话吧。

[注]:

关系代词在定语从句中有时也作介词的宾语。如果介词被置于关系代词前,一般只用介词加which 或介词加whom,而不用介词加that来引导定语从句。如果介词被置于从句句末,则可以使用that来代替which或whom,这时的that可以省略。例如:

This is the ring on which she spent 1,000 dollars. 这就是她花了一千美元买的那枚戒指。

3、关系副词

关系副词的选用相对来说比较简单,如果先行词是表示时间的名词,如time, day等,则用when;如先行词为表示地点的名词,如place, house, area等,则选用where;如果先行词为reason,则选用why。例如:

I will never forget the mountain village where I spent my childhood.

I will never forget the mountain village in which I spent my childhood.

我永远也不会忘记我度过童年的那个小山村。

I don’t know the reason why he did that.

I don’t know the reason for which he did that.

我不知道他为什么这么做。

4、限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句

(1)定语从句的分类

定语从句可分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。

(2)限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句的区别

①限定性定语从句与主句关系密切,为句中不可缺少的部分,如去掉,主句意思就不完整了。而非限定性定语从句与主句关系松散,如果去掉了,主句内容仍然完整。

②在书面语中非限定性定语从句一般用逗号隔开。非限定性定语从句一般不用that 引导。引导非限定性定语从句的关系词不可省略。例如:

His speech, which bored everyone, went on and on.他的讲话没完没了,真让人烦。

The general’s daughter, whose name is Jane, gave me a sweet smile.

将军的女儿名叫珍妮。她冲我笑了笑,笑得好甜啊。

③非限定性定语从句中,先行词也可以是整个句子。一般用which或as来引导定语从句,which在从句中可充当主语、宾语等;as在从句中一般只充当主语。which与as引导这类定语从句的区别在于:which只能放在句子当中或句子末尾,而as的位置比较灵活,可以放在句子当中、句子末尾,也可以放在句首。例如:

As is known to all, too much stress can cause disease.

Too much stress can cause disease, as is known to all.

Too much stress can cause disease, which is known to all.众所周知,压力太大了,人会得病的。

宾语从句是一种名词性从句,在句中做及物动词的宾语.或者介词的宾语,或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词,宾语从句分为三大类:

(1)由that引导的宾语从句,that 只有语法作用,没有实在意义,可省略。

比如:He said (that) he wanted to stay at home

She doesn't know (that) she is seriously ill

2)由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如:

Do you know who(whom)they are waiting for?(充当介词宾语成分)

He asked whose handwriting was the best.(充当定语成分)

Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?(充当地点状语成分)

I don’t know why the train is late.(充当原因状语成分)

(3)由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如:

I want to know if(whether)he lives there.

He asked me whether(if)I could help him.

[注]1.whether与if都可以引导宾语从句,常可互换。但下面情况不能互换:

(1)宾语从句是否定句时,只用if,不用whether.

例如: I wonder if it doesn’t rain.

(2)用if 会引起误解,就要用whether.

例如:Please let me know whether you want to go.(此句如果把whether改成if,容易当成条件句理解)

(3)宾语从句中的whether 与or not直接连用,就不能换成if;不直接连用,可换。

例如: I don’t know whether or not the report is true.

I don’t know whether/if the report is true or not.

先总结这么多,希望对大家有用。我们学语法知识就要系统了解。只言片语说不清。